COMPARATIVE CLINICAL-PHARMACOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY OF INHIBITORS OF SGLT CO-TRANSPORTERS

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2018-02-02

E.V. Shikh(1), A.A. Volodin(1), M.L. Maksimov(2), V.V. Tarasov(1) 1-I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya street, 8, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; 2-Kazan State Medical Academy – Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Mushtari str., 11, Kazan, 420012, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a dangerous challenge to the entire international community and the priority of the first order national health systems of all countries over the world. The growing level of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes is associated with the increasing insulin resistance and relatively or absolutely impaired insulin sensitivity. The majority of preparations used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, possess of insulin-dependent mechanism of action, directed to either stimulation of the insulin secretion or improvement of glucose metabolism. Recently appeared a fundamentally new insulin-independent approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes – is to reduce blood glucose levels by inhibiting proteins SGLT-2 (sodium glucose transporter) co-transporters in the proximal tubules of the kidneys, which are responsible for the reabsorption of glucose. SGLT 2 co-transporters inhibitors are effective both as monotherapy mode and in combination with other antidiabetic drugs. Thus, according to results of randomized controlled trials, therapy with this class of drugs was well tolerated. The incidence rate of hypoglycemia was not statistically different from the incidence rate of hypoglycemia in the placebo group. On the background of therapy there was observed a stable decrease in body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therapy with all drugs of a class of SGLT 2 inhibitors was accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure and body weight. This class of drugs could potentially play an important role in early stages of the development of diabetic nephropathy, with potential nephrorotective effect, as they work on the level of the reduction of intraglomerular pressure in a single nephron. Insulin-independent mechanism of the action and low risk of hypoglycaemia makes the SGLT 2 inhibitors effective and safe addition to existing methods of control glycemia in type 2 diabetes patients.
Keywords: 
type 2 diabetes mellitus, SGLT 2 inhibitors, review of clinical trials, effects on the cardiovascular system, nephroprotection

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